Romeo and Juliet Inevitability of fate

Fate and its inherent inevitability have constantly found it’s way into Shakespeare’s work and the work influenced by him, a prime example of this is found within the very prologue of one of his largest pieces of work; Romeo and Juliet.Within the prologue Shakespeare uses many literary techniques such as notions of foreshadowing and dramatic irony that occur throughout the play, some more evident that others; ‘ The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love’ this is an obvious indication of the cursed or uninevitable fate that our main protagonists will share at the end of the play.Shakespeare uses dramatic irony to emphasise the loss that these two share and in turn play to the audiences curiosity. Despite this many readers rarely realise that the prologue is in fact written in sonnet form; consisting of 14 lines, iambic pentameter and a rhyming couplet at the last line written.The structure may connote not only the strong love that both Romeo and J uliet share for one another but also perhaps the love of constantly attempting to evade their fate and follow passion as opposed to reason.Romeo and Juliet are constantly seen to rebel against society’s standards and the regulation set by their house, through this we are able to see that all love has an aspect of fate. Whether it be determined, or inevitable.Correspondingly, many of the poems found within the anthology share both the same connotations, structure and vocabulary that we have found within the prologue. A main specimen of similarity would be found within Sonnet 116, written by Shakespeare in 1609.This, as evident in it’s name is structured in sonnet form just as we have found in the prologue, yet again it does not speak directly of love but instead as a description of what love is and is not. ‘Love is not love.Which alter when it alteration finds’ Shakespeare here states that love is un bent or broken and therefore cannot be created or destroy ed, in this context we can suggest that love is therefore only a path in which one might set upon and that this is decided by only fate, Shakespeare states that you cannot love who you choose but instead love chooses you.‘It is an ever fixed mark’ Shakespeare goes on to describe what love is opposed to what love isn’t and therefore sharing several similarities to the prologue, again describing love as a ‘mark’ due to his repetitive connotation of love and fate within the prologue this may imply that this mark is in fact fate itself and therefore he allows Romeo and Juliet’s love to reside in the creation of his sonnets; ‘love’s not time’s fool’ suggesting love is endless despite Romeo and Juliet’s fast approaching death.

East Timor Assignment

Term 4 Economics Essay –Jack Stickley East Timor is a country surrounded by a picturesque and untouched landscape that has inhabited people for centuries. In today’s society however, East Timor has been economically left behind in comparison to other western world super powers. As the country attempts to rebuild its national identity following their separation from the Indonesia regime, certain obstacles threaten to stop their progress to become a developed nation.Least Developed Countries (LDC’s) can be commonly categorized by their lack of infrastructure and residential development, and visibly through the contrast to well developed countries of the Western world. The United Nations use the following criteria to identify LDC’s. Firstly, a low-income criterion based on a three-year average estimate of the GDP per capita, East Timor’s is under the required amount of $750 at $500. Secondly, a human resource weakness criterion involving a composite Au gmented Physical Quality of Life Index (APQLI), currently in East Timor the adult literacy rate is at 58. % a meek figure in comparison to Australia, a developed country, whose figure is 99%. Finally, there is an economic vulnerability criterion focusing on the instability certain factors including exports and agriculture. East Timor’s trade is out of balance with exports reaching $10 million as apposed to a large import figure of $202 million and, while the Timorese use their land effectively there is only 8. 2% of land area considered to be arable land for agriculture.These figures display that East Timor has the characteristics of a LDC as they continue to be economically undeveloped. East Timor is struggling to emerge onto the global stage as the country has been troubled by past incidents that interfere with the nations attempt to develop economically. The country faces immediate obstacles including agricultural difficulties, the lack of infrastructure due to their previ ous destruction and political unrest and corruption.There is a significantly small amount of skilled Labor in East Timor especially in the urban areas, which is why it is difficult to rebuild many parts of the country destroyed at the end of the Indonesian regime. The country is divided by different religions, traditions and language spoken making it difficult to have an equal economic system. Although primarily an agricultural country, in the past 30 years the economy has been structured to be dependant on external transfers, even for food.East Timor has serious problems of illiteracy; malnutrition and disease, problems that will be intensify in the future due to the anticipated rapid population growth of this youthful population. 70% of the population support themselves by subsistence agriculture including crop farming and fishing, meaning much of the exchange is in the form of barter. Due to East Timor’s relatively poor and fragile soils, constant population relocation and disruption due to colonial laws, production is low but marginally within the bounds of sustainability.East Timor is now faced with the challenges of the decrease in the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries, the decrease in global official development assistance (ODA) and the decrease in trade preferences. A major dilemma for East Timor is to regain an adequate standard of living and with a greater degree of self-sufficiency; a rather difficult task. For East Timor the challenge of achieving economic stability and development is certainly a daunting prospect.When taking steps forward economically it is essential that innovative strategies are produced and an alternative non-western development culture is created. With the world gripped by oil shortage The Timor Sea Treaty, which is split 90% to 10% in favour of Timor, will be useful in the development of the country. Accessing income is currently difficult for workers and therefore they don’t have t he capacity to invest or save what they do earn, but income can be earned and received through providing services and withholding this income from third parties that may interfere. East Timor is in desperate need of foreign dollars.A dependence on aid in the short term with an increased reliance on services in the medium to long term rather than the export of agricultural and manufactured commodities may be an optimum strategy for East Timor. Entrepreneurial skills need to be developed through a strong education system. Continued external support is required as the building blocks for East Timor to develop economically. The Government also has a significant role to play as it is crucial that the country adopts Macroeconomic policies which also generate productive work and income opportunities to develop sustainable livelihoods.It is important that the poor are assisted in their efforts to improve their farming and commodity production. East Timor is currently a country with economic , social and political difficulties and is a country that is fighting back following a difficult phase in the countries political life. However, if assistance is gained from other supporting countries, service and non-production activities gain majority in the economy the nation should be able to develop and be considered as a developed country. East Timor Assignment Term 4 Economics Essay –Jack Stickley East Timor is a country surrounded by a picturesque and untouched landscape that has inhabited people for centuries. In today’s society however, East Timor has been economically left behind in comparison to other western world super powers. As the country attempts to rebuild its national identity following their separation from the Indonesia regime, certain obstacles threaten to stop their progress to become a developed nation.Least Developed Countries (LDC’s) can be commonly categorized by their lack of infrastructure and residential development, and visibly through the contrast to well developed countries of the Western world. The United Nations use the following criteria to identify LDC’s. Firstly, a low-income criterion based on a three-year average estimate of the GDP per capita, East Timor’s is under the required amount of $750 at $500. Secondly, a human resource weakness criterion involving a composite Au gmented Physical Quality of Life Index (APQLI), currently in East Timor the adult literacy rate is at 58. % a meek figure in comparison to Australia, a developed country, whose figure is 99%. Finally, there is an economic vulnerability criterion focusing on the instability certain factors including exports and agriculture. East Timor’s trade is out of balance with exports reaching $10 million as apposed to a large import figure of $202 million and, while the Timorese use their land effectively there is only 8. 2% of land area considered to be arable land for agriculture.These figures display that East Timor has the characteristics of a LDC as they continue to be economically undeveloped. East Timor is struggling to emerge onto the global stage as the country has been troubled by past incidents that interfere with the nations attempt to develop economically. The country faces immediate obstacles including agricultural difficulties, the lack of infrastructure due to their previ ous destruction and political unrest and corruption.There is a significantly small amount of skilled Labor in East Timor especially in the urban areas, which is why it is difficult to rebuild many parts of the country destroyed at the end of the Indonesian regime. The country is divided by different religions, traditions and language spoken making it difficult to have an equal economic system. Although primarily an agricultural country, in the past 30 years the economy has been structured to be dependant on external transfers, even for food.East Timor has serious problems of illiteracy; malnutrition and disease, problems that will be intensify in the future due to the anticipated rapid population growth of this youthful population. 70% of the population support themselves by subsistence agriculture including crop farming and fishing, meaning much of the exchange is in the form of barter. Due to East Timor’s relatively poor and fragile soils, constant population relocation and disruption due to colonial laws, production is low but marginally within the bounds of sustainability.East Timor is now faced with the challenges of the decrease in the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries, the decrease in global official development assistance (ODA) and the decrease in trade preferences. A major dilemma for East Timor is to regain an adequate standard of living and with a greater degree of self-sufficiency; a rather difficult task. For East Timor the challenge of achieving economic stability and development is certainly a daunting prospect.When taking steps forward economically it is essential that innovative strategies are produced and an alternative non-western development culture is created. With the world gripped by oil shortage The Timor Sea Treaty, which is split 90% to 10% in favour of Timor, will be useful in the development of the country. Accessing income is currently difficult for workers and therefore they don’t have t he capacity to invest or save what they do earn, but income can be earned and received through providing services and withholding this income from third parties that may interfere. East Timor is in desperate need of foreign dollars.A dependence on aid in the short term with an increased reliance on services in the medium to long term rather than the export of agricultural and manufactured commodities may be an optimum strategy for East Timor. Entrepreneurial skills need to be developed through a strong education system. Continued external support is required as the building blocks for East Timor to develop economically. The Government also has a significant role to play as it is crucial that the country adopts Macroeconomic policies which also generate productive work and income opportunities to develop sustainable livelihoods.It is important that the poor are assisted in their efforts to improve their farming and commodity production. East Timor is currently a country with economic , social and political difficulties and is a country that is fighting back following a difficult phase in the countries political life. However, if assistance is gained from other supporting countries, service and non-production activities gain majority in the economy the nation should be able to develop and be considered as a developed country.

Grim First-Quarter Results for Newspapers Essay

This particular article talks about the continuing decline in newspaper subscriptions and purchases by the general public.   Many people believe that the newspapers and all print magazines are well on their way to being extinction.   Many critics believe the reason for this is because the news can easily and efficiently be found and read on the internet.   The world wide web offers a great source of news but beyond that it allows for people to have a discussion about news topics.   This leads to a more well rounded approach to every issue that becomes news worthy.   No longer is the public blindly fed whatever the newspapers want them to read. The public can aggressively seek out information, both sides of the story, on the internet.   Obviously, as an online news reader you have to be good at research and just as good at telling the truth from fiction.   However, I think the decline of the newspaper has very little to do with the internet and blogging. In today’s world, newspaper are so focused on selling adds and inserts that they fail to offer the public any interesting information.   Who wants to wade through all the advertisements only to find the information you want squished between what is on sale at the grocery store and what’s one sale at JcPenney’s.   When you pay for a newspaper you are paying for the news not be manipulated by marketing companies telling you what you should be, buy, and strive for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Online I can search for exactly the news story I want.   I have direct access to all the information and I don’t have to dispose of all those paper inserts trying to sell me shoes.   Newspapers have failed to keep up with the demands on a now much more well informed public.   Instead of having better articles written by better authors to increase circulation (thus increasing profit) they have chosen to fill up every extra piece of space with marketing junk that most news reader could care less about.   Newspapers will die out but only because they believe money was more important than truth. lGrim First-Quarter Results for Newspapers lAd Revenue From Web Operations Become More Important to Publishers By Nat Ives Published: April 14, 2006 NEW YORK (AdAge.com) — Newspapers made a bit of a grim display this week when they reported their first-quarter earnings, revealing profit declines at The New York Times Co., Tribune Co., McClatchy Co. and powerhouse Gannett Co., but displayed at every turn the rising importance of the Web to their businesses. The New York Times Co. reported perhaps the brightest results yesterday, even though first-quarter profit fell 68.5% to $35 million from $111 million a year earlier. That apparent free fall, however, mostly reflected the extra income in last year’s first quarter when the company sold its headquarters in Times Square. About.com boosts Times Co. The Web played a big role in the company’s overall respectable results. Ad revenue rose 3.9% in the first quarter to $554.6 million, up from $533.8 million in the year previous quarter. The Times Co. ad increases were largely delivered by About.com; without that property, ad revenue would have increased just 0.7%. Earnings per share were 4 cents, a penny higher than the analysts’ consensus expectation compiled by Thomson Financial. â€Å"Our results in the first quarter reflect higher advertising and circulation revenues at The New York Times Media Group and the Regional Media Group, in part due to the introduction of innovative new products,† said Janet L. Robinson, president-CEO. But The Boston Globe’s unit, The New England Media Group, was again hit hard by consolidation among advertisers and a tough competitive environment, she said. Tribune looks to Web assets Another heavy-hitter, The Tribune Co., reported yesterday that its first-quarter earnings also fell to the tune of 28%, with flat ad revenue. The Tribune owns newspapers including The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune. Tribune expects online ad revenues to contribute about $350 million in 2006; it counts a stake a CareerBuilder.com among its Web assets. McClatchy Co., which agreed last month to buy Philadelphia Inquirer parent Knight Ridder, reported a 14.2% decline in first-quarter net income. Ad revenue at McClatchy, which houses newspapers including the Sacramento Bee, grew 1.4% to $237.1 million. The powerhouse that is Gannett turned in perhaps the most surprising report on April 12, announcing that net income sank 11.5% in the first quarter. Its newspapers’ ad revenue grew 5.7% to nearly $1.3 billion, but that factors in acquisitions without which first-quarter ad revenue would actually have fallen 1.8%. At its flagship USA Today, ad revenues declined 4.2%.

President Obama visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

President Obama visit - Essay Example This would be of great help especially to the people with low incomes, since they would be reduced of the burden of having to repay the loan in full. The president also wanted to get to the students’ voting alliance that was responsible for his winning back in 2008, and told them that he needed their votes again in 2012 elections. The officials of the White House alleged that those students who had one or more federal loans would be allowed to merge their debts, which would reduce interest rates by half of the percentage point. Obama said that this plan was supposed to get rid of those federal subsidies that were taken to the private banks after the loans are merged, and this would help in improving the economy. He believed that if a big percentage of people’s paycheck is used to repay the loans instead of doing other things, it would affect the economy. This would be a great burden especially to those families who are in the middle-class; since their source of income is mainly from the salaries they get from their jobs. A big percentage of people’s income should help people to improve their businesses, so that the business can grow, and this would help improve the country’s economy. This would ensure that the future generations did not suffer economically due to insufficient funds. The president questioned Republicans who were in the congress for having blocked the job bill he had put in place. He said that those individuals who were jobless weren’t supposed to be deserted, and he would try to help them out even if the congress did not help him. He told the students’ things he planned to do, and he would do them single-handedly if the congress did not back him up. He said that he would ensure that each individual had an access to acquiring college education. This showed that the president was concerned about the future generation who are the next leaders of America, and by giving

Psychological and Social Factors in Informed Consent for Patients with Case Study

Psychological and Social Factors in Informed Consent for Patients with Autism - Case Study Example (2011) examined the levels of understanding and perceptions on the need to conduct randomized controlled trials among professionals, users and care givers concerned with provision of intellectual care, including care for autism cases. There was poor understanding of the principles attributable to randomized controlled trials among care givers and users, but understanding was higher among professionals. The authors noted that lack of understanding has negative implications on social validity of random controlled trials. Chen, Xu, Huang and Dhar (2013) conducted research into the levels of awareness, attitudes and experiences among a sample that comprised parents of children who were undergoing genetic testing owing to their condition. More participants were in support of genetic testing research, mainly citing early intervention and motivation, identification of the causes of the condition, and family planning as their motivations. Competence of medical staff handling the tests was highlighted as a major concern among participating parents. Minority groups in the sampled population appeared to have lesser understanding of the importance of the procedure. At the psychological level, researchers are encouraged to learn the needs of such individuals to encourage their participation. Chen, L., Xu, L., Huang, T. & Dhar, S. U. (2013). Autism genetic testing: A qualitative study of awareness, attitudes, and experiences among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Genetics in Medicine. 15(4): 274-281. Robotham, D., King, M., Canagasabey, A., Inchley-Mort, S. & Hassiotis, A. (2011). Social validity of randomized controlled trials in health services research and intellectual disabilities: A qualitative exploration of stakeholder views. Trials. 12:

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discussion Question - Essay Example The dividend cut was aimed at reducing the company’s debts of $62 million (USATODAY, 2000). The idea was that with reduced debts the annual interest on the debt load would decrease but many investors rely on the dividend income. This was something unusual that AT&T had done in 2000 because even during the Great Depression when other industrial giants had reduced their dividend, AT&T had been able to maintain it (Forbes, 2000). This drastic step was taken so that the savings through lower dividend would help them clear the debt, enhance profits and invest in growth, which was aimed at maximizing shareholder wealth. In 2000, there was corporate restructuring and the company’s profits were split in four ways and hence such a decision had to be taken. Apart from the year 2000, AT&T has been consistently registered growth in dividend payouts while the earnings per share (EPS) have been decreasing since 1998 (DGI, 2008). The annual dividend payouts have increased over the past ten years at an annual average of 4.80% even though there has been lack of growth in profits over the past decade. A 5% growth in dividend suggests that the dividend payouts double every 14 or 15 years. The quarterly dividends that AT&T paid in 2007 were double of what they paid in 1991. Even though the dividend yield at AT&T is above average, the EPS has declined. Unless there is growth in the EPS the company will not be able to maintain its current dividend policy of annual growth in dividend payouts. T-Mobile International, one of Deutsche Telekom AGs (NYSE:DT) four strategic divisions, is one of the worlds leading international wireless communications providers. T-Mobile has a dividend yield of 7% which is considered to be quite decent (Vinzant, 2008). Except for 2001, T-Mobile has been maintaining growth in dividend payouts because they believe in paying their shareholders

Discuss the factors that contributed to the birth of the renaissance Essay

Discuss the factors that contributed to the birth of the renaissance in italy - Essay Example Additionally, the renaissance was a period when people rediscovered learning by changing their attitudes about themselves and their surroundings, and it was an exciting time of new inventions, and great discoveries, magnificent buildings, and beautiful art (Yeland). Renaissance goes forth from Italy because many of the forces that were slowly but radically transforming the medieval thinking into modern thinking were more active than in other places in the world; this paper will dwell on exploring factors that contributed to the birth of renaissance in Italy. One of the factors that largely contributed to the birth of renaissance in Italy was Italy’s geographical location (â€Å"The Italian Renaissance†), which strategically placed the country in contact with the Byzantines and Arabs who had long preserved classical knowledge and culture, thus, putting it in a better position to absorb the Greek and Roman heritage. In that case, Geography gave Italy an advantage over Nor thern Europe because it enabled the country to amass wealth and build capacity to break off from the feudal system because, stretching into the Mediterranean sea and strategically situated at the heart of Europe and the Byzantine empire, Italian cities took part in international trade and market economy. In this regard, Italy came in contact not only with the massive flow goods, but to also with the extensive flow of ideas much earlier than other places in the world, thus, flourishing both economically and intellectually. A second causal factor attributable to renaissance was the new secular hunger for discovering texts, which had long been ignored that arose in Italy in the 14th century; secular readers developed an appetite for seeking out, reading and spreading old works, majorly classical writings, on a large scale, thus, new libraries sprung to facilitate access to books. Many significant writings of the classical works found their way back into Europe both by merchants who exp loited the new interest in older texts and by the incoming scholars who had been invited to teach in Italy. The fall of Constantinople was also a reason that saw the influx of many Greek scholars with their precious manuscripts into Italy, which inevitably led to the pervasive dissemination of the Greek classical texts all over Europe thus sparking off the renaissance subsequently. The birth of the printing press also sparked the Italian renaissance because it made it possible for the almost forgotten old classical texts to be mass produced, thus reaching large audiences at the same time, allowing renaissance to develop in return. Additionally, the political context in Italy, which was characterized by the need for display and administration, can be attributable to the onset of renaissance because the massive changes in styles of art including the outlook of artists required support of the wealthy patrons (Wilde). Artists were keen to explore their renaissance ideas were well suppor ted to produce masterpieces by the new rulers of the Italian cities who sought to assert themselves through conspicuous display with ostentation, including all forms of art and creativity. Nevertheless, development of humanism, a new form of thinking and

Saving abandoned pets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Saving abandoned pets - Essay Example For instance, in the process of walking a dog, the guardian, alongside that pet gets fresh air, exercise and also social interaction. Pets offer the much needed companion to the elderly who in most cases, lacks enough social interaction. Some pets have been approved as special therapy animals, especially dogs so that they are used for visiting confined people (Person 21). Pet therapy has been designed so that the animals used aids in achieving certain social, physical, emotional and cognitive goals among patients. Despite these perceived benefits, several; instances have been reported over incidences where pets are abandoned by their guardians for various reasons. This paper examines some of the reasons why pets are often abandoned and some of the ways in which they can be saved and assisted to live their lives effectively after such incidences. Abandoned pets are those pets, which for various reasons; they have been cast off by their owners deliberately or inadvertently. In some cases, it happens when the particular owner passes on or when the pet in question tend to grow too large or is disruptive (Aronin 57). The 2007-2008 financial crisis forced many pets to be abandoned by their owners citing increased costs for their effective upkeep. Some pet owners are often left with the option of abandoning their beloved animals when their homes are foreclosed. On one hand, the animals can be left alone in the property or other owner decides to drop them at animal shelters so that they are not left on the cold. Some of these abandoned pets are discovered at the end of the foreclosure course (Aronin 79). The animals that are lucky to be found are often in extremely poor conditions after they are forced to go without some of the basic resources like food and shelter. Other reasons why pets are abandoned include demolitions because of government policies or averting natural disasters. In such instances, pet owners often decide to

Analyze Roger Dubuis' (high-end watches) press kit Essay

Analyze Roger Dubuis' (high-end watches) press kit - Essay Example The mission of the Company is also stated and the major underlying themes are clearly spelt out: creativity, innovation and boldness. The Press kit then sets out in detail, each of the individual items that was summarized in the capsule of information presented at the outset. Firstly, it presents a timeline of the Company’s history sets out the history of SOGEM S.A., which was founded in 1995, including the development of the various collections and their distinguishing features. The next section of the Press kit deals specifically with the development of the sports watch collection and the development of the Geneva boutique. The two original collections â€Å"Hommage† and â€Å"Sympathie† have been rejuvenated in 2004, into two collections that are different from the original both aesthetically and technically. These two collections cater not only to men but also to women. This is followed by yet another section of the report which explains the features of the â€Å"Just for Friends† collection. The distinctive element of this collection is pointed out, i.e, it contains an engraving from Dubuis – â€Å"Just for friends†, which in turn makes it an exclusive sports watch. The next section of the Press kit focuses specifically with the Company’s ability to maintain a leading edge by constantly establishing new standards for technology, quality and design by adhering to the strict requirements for the Geneva seal. The next segment of the report summarizes the progress of the Manufacture Roger Dubuis and the expansion of the building to cope with the future demands that are likely to arise. The last segment of the report explains the expansion plans of the Company and the proposed boutiques which are to be set up at various locations in Asia. The Press Kit provides a capsule of the communication strategy the Company has followed , including the transmission of images of glamour and

Tell the audience about how the technologies transform the society Term Paper

Tell the audience about how the technologies transform the society from the three films below, which are Illusions (Julie Dash, - Term Paper Example Automobile, manufacturing, IT- all have evolved radically. Technology impacted the television and movie industry. Sound and Color effects in cinematography all has changed along with the time (Ogburn, 81). In this paper, the main focus lays on the development of technology and its impact on the movies, keeping sync with the society. Here the discussion is based on three different movies of three different times: Illusions-directed by Julie Dash of 1983, Papapapa directed by Alex Rivera of 1995 and Sleep Dealer directed by Alex Rivera of 2008. Analytic Filmmaking: In the modern world the concept of new digital video technologies are changing the way people are documenting, publishing, and consuming different ideas. According to the analysis of Germano, knowledge production is now increasingly associated with digital or visual modes of expression. In his view, a new way of imparting social science research and a new way of making nonfiction films may be described as analytic filmmaking . There is a clear difference between analytical and documentary films, whereas in the past the main focus used to be on the documentary films when people were more interested in political affairs. In modern age social and political films also have appeal to the intellect with considerable special effects and use of science and technologies. Technological innovation in moviemaking started with Julie Dash’s Illusions where the concept of voiceover (sound dubbing) was first represented in front of the audience (Germano, Abstract). The Movie Illusions: Transformation of Sounds: Illusions was one of the well known and award wining movie of Julie Dash. It was released in the year 1983. In this movie, the audience was first come across with the concept of sound effect –more precisely the use of technology in order to develop the sounds effect. According to Klotman, the movie Illusions was the first segment of Dash’s planned series about Black women in the United State s. The movie has won award for Black American cinema society in the year 1985 and was also nominated for a award in the year 1988 for Art Direction as well.(Koltman, 193). According to the review of Dash, the movie Illusions follows the story of a fictitious production studio and two African-American women in the film industry: Ester Jeeter, a singer who lends her voice to a white actress, and Mignon Dupree, a studio executive who appears to be white. In this movie, Dash portrayed the struggles of these women to be recognized for who they are, especially in the white-dominated Hollywood studio of 1942. According to the review of Caughie, modern concept of sound engineering is being dominated by the concept of dubbing. In his word â€Å"Being heard but not seen offers possibilities for re-imagining ‘passing’ as other than erasure, invisibility, appropriation or blackface†.(Caughie, 97). The application of this concept was first demonstrated by Dash’s movie Illusions in the year 1983. According to his point of view, Illusions takes its subject matter from the common practice of having black women dub the voices of white singers performing jazz or blues songs. In the film, Esther Jeeters (Rosanne Katon), a black woman, is hired to fix the faulty soundtrack when the words sung by the white film star do not synchronize with her mouth movements.

Judges, independence and the Power of Common Law Essay

Judges, independence and the Power of Common Law - Essay Example flict since this can be used by officials as a mechanism for imposing their own perspective and making it a matter of judicial policy (Ferejohn, 1999). The common conception of judiciary officials being independent refers to their ability to take action and make judicial rulings with impunity, but judges are, in fact, institutionally dependent on Congress and the president for jurisdictional rulings and carrying out of judicial orders (Ferejohn, 1999). In essence, the dependence of judicial accord on the outer machinations of the greater body of governance implements a system of checks and balances into the legislative form intended to disallow abuse of power; however, the positive functioning of JI is powered by the public belief in the efficacy of the system and its ability to mete out justice accordingly. Economic Effect of JI The strength of JI is based on the public opinions of the citizens served by the official legislative body. In this respect, JI refers to the state’s ability to protect the rights and property of the people from others, including the government (Feld & Voigt, 2003). In this respect, the relevancies of de iure and de facto JI must be examined to evaluate their impact on the economic structure and overall stability of the country (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Essentially, de iure represents the letter of the law while de facto deals with how the judge has affected the law during his/her tenure and the actual collective experiences of the country (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Where de iure has been determined to have no impact on a country’s actual financial functionality, as determined through measure of the GDP growth, de facto JI positively influences the financial aspects of a country’s growth (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Summarily, the independence exhibited... This essay focuses on interconnection between judges and the concepts of the Judicial Independence and the power of Common Law. In the upholding of public laws and statutes, each nation has sovereignty, endorsed by the United Nations, which allows judiciary officials to preside over legal matters in the interest of maintaining peace and order. Such judicial independence (JI) has bearings on numerous aspects that affect the functionality of a country, such as their economic structure, conflict resolution, and allocation of correctional measures when laws have been broken. Although some judicial tribunals are dependently selected to preside over certain matters and others are independently selected to serve for a specified amount of time, both mechanisms essentially serve the same purpose, which is to arbitrate and pass binding judgments to punish criminal activity and resolve disputes, which in some cases may create precedents that translate into new legislation. To this effect, JI is intended to provide judges the freedom to make decisions without pressure or inducements from affected parties to resolve matte rs in their favor or be forced to later defend the decisions they make and requires a solid system of checks and balances to ensure that legislative officials are not being unduly manipulated. The paper concludes that, in order to be effective, judges must have impunity in handing down their edicts and these decisions are strengthened by the constitutional and legislative support received.

Mark Twain - Racism †Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Mark Twain Racism – Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain depicts an apprehension to racisms through the character Huckleberry Finn. He is a white young boy who comes in contact with the conditions of slavery at a relatively early age. The author allows him to feel uncomfortable with the very process by which humans are classified in civil society. This view is based on how Twain created the institution of slavery to be established at the time. Twain in emphasizing his views allow his character to be confronted by situations which would force him to think about slavery and the face of racism. The young man is pressured by his own father’s harsh racist belief as depicted in the election scene, â€Å"It was ‘lection day, and I was just about to go and vote myself if I warn’t too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this Country where they’d let a nigger vote, I drawed out. † (Echeat, 2010)Twain creates the paradox between father and son to highlight where he stood on racism. Mark Twain-Racism-Tom Sawyer Surprisely, even though Mark Twain’s Adventures of Tom Sawyer includes a character named Huckleberry Finn as is represented in The Adventures of HucleburyFinn the role designation is entirely different. Huckleberry Finn plays a supportive role in allowing Tom to complete his mischiefs. The author displayed very little interest of projecting a race issues his that society. Its only emergence was flashed as a minor development in the story was in the killing of Dr Robinson by a Native American, However, there were no direct racial insinuations in the account, ‘ In the scuffle, Injun Joe stabs Dr. Robinson with Potter’s knife†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Native-American â€Å"half-breed† Injun Joe. ’(Sparknotes, 2010) To conclude It can be presumed that the time when Huckleberry Finn was written racism was Mark Twain’s major sociological concern. On the other hand with Tom Sawyer he was viewing morals from the perspective of parental authority and how social groups interact. REFERENCE Racism in Huckleberry finn. www. echeat. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 May 2010. http://www. echeat. com/essay. php? t=33441. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. www. sparknotes. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 May 2010. http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/tomsawyer/summary. html.

Language: Effect On Thought And Perception

Language: Effect On Thought And Perception Begley, Sharon. Whats in a Word: Why Language May Shape Our Thoughts. Newsweek. Harmon-Newsweek, 9 July 2009. Web. 7 October 2010. Begleys article investigates various points within psychologist Lera Boroditskys work on language and perception, raising such examples as whether a languages nouns are feminine or masculine have an effect on how speakers of that language view everyday objects and how separate words in other languages for different colors may even affect how we see those colors. Begley also points out that how each languages system of grammar can affect the way we describe similar events. Boroditsky, Lera. How Does Our Language Shape The Way We Think? Whats Next: Dispatches on the Future of Science. Ed. Max Brockman. New York: Vintage Books, 2009. 116-129. Print. In her essay How Does Language Shape the Way We Think, psychologist Boroditsky argues that language does indeed play a crucial role in how we humans think and how we perceive the world. Referencing her experiments results for the bulk of her essay, she maintains that language affects the way we think aboutand so describenot only the concrete but also the abstract like special relationships and time. Boroditsky, Lera. Linguistic Relativity. MIT. n.d. PDF File. In an experiment designed to test psychologist Benjamin Lee Whorfs 1956 suggestion that how one analyzes and responds to the world reflects differences in their languagea suggestion long-abandoned by the scientific community, Boroditsky asserts that language has a profound effect on thought and perception. While also describing how language influences perceptions of space and time, Boroditsky demonstrates how differences in grammar contribute to different ways of describing and perceiving amounts, shapes, and other characteristics of objects. Casasanto, Daniel, et al. How Deep are the Effects of Language on Thought? Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. n.d. PDF File. From experiments conducted to test whether language affects how speakers experience the world, Casasanto et al. suggest that, through on linguistic and two non-linguistic experiments in native speakers of various languages that our grammar does influence how we mentally envision abstract ideas and that language influences even the most basic of psychological processes. Deutscher, Guy. Does Language Shape How You Think? New York Times. The New York Times, 26 August 2010. Web. 10 October 2010. In his article Does Language Shape How You Think, Deutscher offers a general view of the controversy surrounding the question of languages influence of thought. Deutscher first describes the fallout from psychologist Whorfs proposal about language and its connection to the mind, and then references other noted experiments designed to test the suggestion. He then depicts the general outcome of these experiments as that individual languages do contribute to distinctions in perception toward objects and space. Harms, William, and Robert Sanders. UC Berkeley. 31 January 2006. Web. 7 October 2010. Harms and William begin their review by acknowledging the difficult scientists have in testing whether language plays a direct part in how we see the world. They promote a paper published in the monthly journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that suggests that language does affect perception, but only in the right half of our visual field; in other terms, what we see out of our right eye. Citing experiments based on color conducted at UC Berkeley, Harms and Sanders describe the papers argument that languagewhich is predominantly based in the left hemisphere of our brain, which processes the right visual fieldmay help us recognize colors more quickly in our right visual field but provide slower recognition in our left. Ramachandran, V.S. and E.M. Hubbard. SynesthesiaA Window into Perception, Thought, and Language. 2001. PDF File. In their paper, Ramachandran and Hubbard attempt to debunk certain myths about synesthesia and the people who experience it. Synesthesia is an interesting and strange phenomenon in which a synesthetic person may experience a combination of sensory activity at once, such as seeing the number 7 and viewing it as a dark blue-green or eating an egg and then hearing a high note. A phenomenon not under any serious experimentation for some time, Ramachandran and Hubbard conduct experiments to find links to their twelve overriding ideas and see how synesthesia connects to language and how and why sensory activity is perceived. Regier, Terry and Paul Kay. Language, Thought, and Color: Whorf was Half Right. 2009. PDF File. Through experiments conducted to test Whorfs theory of language and its effect on how we perceive and adapt to the world, Regier and Kays results suggest that Whorf had the correct idea, for the most part. Using color and placement to test how quickly participants recognized a different shade of blue among a circle of other blue squares enabled them to conclude that separate languages that have varying degrees of classification for colors influences color perception mainly in the right half of the visual field. They also suggest that the amount of distinction a language has between individual shades contributes to the speed of color perception. Stafford, Amy. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Minnesota State U, n.d. Web. 10 October 2010. In her paper Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Stafford describes the thought process behind psychologist Whorfs proposal that semantics impact our awareness of the world. She also provides different views on the idea, suggesting methods and studies that offer a more rounded opinion. Stafford then defines how she believes Whorfs hypothesis can affect our understanding of each other and of individual cultures across the world. Thierry, Gullame, et al. Unconscious Effects of Language-Specific Terminology on Pre-Attentive Color Perception. 2009. PDF File. In an attempt to discover whether languages effect on ones perception is driven by conscious, language-based evaluation of the environment or if the difference lies in the psychological processing of speakers of other languages, Thierry et al. conduct color experiments. Using the separate Greek words for light and dark blue (ghalazio and ble), and the English versions, Thierry et al. suggest that Greek speakers can distinguish between shades of blue more quickly than English speakers because of the distinct separate words for each color instead of adding light or dark to the main color of blue. Anne Seeley Professor Yerks Composition 106 11 October 2010 Language and its Effect on Thought and Perception Even with the incredible advances in technology and science, certain areas of the brain remain a mystery to scientists. As scholars endeavor to discover more connections and illuminate reasons for why we humans behave cognitively the way we do, hypotheses proposed in the past that may have fallen out of favor are being reexamined using todays technology. One such proposal, known as the Whorf Hypothesis, attempts to show the link between the uniquely human quality of spoken and written language and the effect it has on our thoughts and perceptions of the world (Stafford). This relatively recently revived proposition provides ample room for ground-breaking questions, and everyone from scientists to philosophers have argued for and against it, for nearly seventy years (Begley). Benjamin Lee Whorf, states Guy Deutscher, author of the New York Times article Does Language Shape How You Think, was the psychologist of disputable reputation that suggested in 1940 that language was not only the medium through which we communicate, but that it defines the way we think and consequently restricts what we are able to think. Deutscher explains that Whorf proposed that different languages have such a profound impact on the way we think that Native American languages impose on their speakers a picture of reality that is totally different from ours, and thus these speakers do not have the same grasp on some of our most basic concepts, like the flow of time or the distinction between objects and actions as speakers of other languages do. Though his theory entranced the scientific community and world at large for a time, gradually the idea that language constricts our ability to see reality faded and was eventually abandoned, especially when, Deutscher quips, it was shown t hat Whorf never actually [had] any evidence to support his fantastic claims. Recently, however, new studies have been conducted whose results suggest that language really does change the way we think and perceive the world. Lera Boroditsky, a noted Stanford psychologist, argues in her essay How Does Language Shape the Way We Think? that language does indeed form the way we think about abstract concepts like space and time as well as concrete objects. The results of her experiments on the connection between language and thought (known as linguistic relativity) are fascinating; for instance, in an experiment examining how speakers of different languages process the concept of time, English speakers (who talk about time in terms of horizontal spatial metaphorse.g., The best is ahead of us [or] The worst is behind us) will point in a horizontal direction (such as behind or next to them) when asked where yesterday would be on a three-dimensional timeline. Mandarin speakers, however, use a vertical metaphor for time e.g., the next month is the down month and the last month is the up month and will most often point vertically to describe the concept of yesterday. Boroditsky offers another thought-provoking ins ight: that the fluke of grammar in many languages where nouns are given genders actually changes the way speakers perceive those objects. In her experimental results, it was shown that while German and Spanish speakers both understood the concept of a key, they thought about and consequently described the key in completely different ways. The feminine Spanish word for keys is llaves, and were described as golden, intricate, little, [and] lovely whereas the German speakers described the masculine Schlssel as being hard, heavy, jagged, metal, [and] serrated This trend continues when describing abstract entities such as death, sin, victory, or time. Boroditsky urges us to look at famous artworks that personify these concepts, and states that it turns out that in 85 percent of such personifications, whether a male or female figure is chosen is predicted by the grammatical gender of the word in the artists native language. Though Boroditsky made no comment of it in her essay, these resul ts raise another question: how would English speakerswho give no gender to nounsdescribe an object like a key or a concept like time? Nevertheless, experiments like these are clearing the path for even more intriguing theories about language and thought, such as those conducted in the spirit of understanding a condition known as synesthesia. Synesthesia, according to V.S. Ramachandran and E.M. Hubbards paper SynesthesiaA Window into Perception, Thought, and Language is an intriguing phenomenon in which an otherwise normal person experiences sensations in one modality when a second modality is stimulated, like reading the word kindness and seeing it as a salmon-pink color or thinking of the concept of hope and tasting an egg. Though many may at first think that instances of synesthesia are in fact metaphors used every day, such as a loud color, Ramachandran and Hubbard propose that it is an actual condition that may [run] in families [and] creative people and is more common in females than males. They also suggest that a synesthetic person are more likely to have more than one form of synesthesia if they already have one, such as seeing words as having colors as well as seeing colors when hearing music. As a synesthetic person, I can attest that it is not an imaginary or imaginative event, but an actual phenomenon. Over y ears, I have encountered constant and various forms of synesthesia in myself, including the word-color association, a letter- and number-color association (as well as a gender association for letters and numbers), and, less prominently, a music-color association. This fascinating condition is an excellent breeding ground for continuing experiments to see how deeply language affects our cognitive behaviors and how we perceive the world. Using language is not something that we often think about during our lives, and yet recent experiments suggest that it has a fundamental influence on how we respond to our environments and view the world. Once an abandoned proposition, the connection between language and thought gains notoriety throughout the scientific community. As scientists strive to understand just how deeply it impacts our mental capacities, our ability to communicate through spoken and written language remains one of our most profound human characteristics.

One day the day will come when the day will not come :: Essays Papers

One day the day will come when the day will not come We who have come from everywhere on this globe for a conversation on teaching comedia in the 21st century are testimonies of a fulfilled modern promise of traversing space and time with rapidity. Perhaps we will meet again for another conversation in the next century, once again, fulfilling, yet another promise of arriving from everywhere, but converging nowhere in real-time and in cyberspace. Then we will not have to cross space and time that serve as markers and measures of our experience because the space as expansion and the time as liner succession will cease to be. The necessity of today’s conversation on comedia in the next millennium presupposes a newness, a change and an end to the old ways. The newness of the next millennium assumes a supreme and inevitable reign of technology in every aspect of research and pedagogy. Thus we seem to be preparing for this promised event caught between two emotions: a desire to master technology and an anxiety of failure. However, if we think the next century only in terms of technologized pedagogy and scholarship, we are not thinking sufficiently the significance of the end of old and coming of the new. We lack, as finite beings, the prophetic vision of foreseeing the future, yet as beings of reason we can contemplate about the end. What is coming to an end is comedia itself. By this statement we do not intend announce the disappearance of comedia as an object of scholarly pursuit, but an end of an age with whose inauguration comedia emerged as an expression of cultural activity of a people, as a medium of communication, as a means of entertainment and above all as a spectacle. The age of representation, whose convulsive birth is captured by comedia in all its complexities and contradictions, is reaching its end. The Spanish comedia stood at that crucial juncture of epistemic break wherein the old age came to an end and a new modern period was inaugurated. Today, at the threshold of the third millennium we experience the same fate, the conclusion of the modern age and the coming of a yet unknown and unnamed age. The beginnings and ends, in their manifestations, differ in extreme, however we should not be dissuaded from thinking the sameness that founds both the events by the visible extremities.

The Spanish Influenza in Missouri :: Journalism St. Louis, Missouri Health Essays

The Spanish Influenza in Missouri Reports of the Spanish Influenza continue to bombard us from St. Louis, Missouri, as inhabitants of that fine city take many precautions to safeguard themselves and their families against this incendiary malady currently sweeping our great nation. At a time of war when our country needs our strength the most it is important that we fight this Influenza head on, taking whatever actions necessary to eradicate it from our fine shores. Let us take a page from St. Louis's book on how to prevent this illness from spreading. Culling through the pages of this fine publication you may notice many advertisements for products meant to maintain the health of your loved ones. Things to help them look and feel their best. Instructions and products for ridding oneself of dandruff or bleaching one's freckles with lemon juice abound--helping you, dear readers, to be your best! Most importantly [there are] prescriptions for how to keep your family healthy, and to avoid catching the Spanish Influenza that has the very city of St. Louis in its fiery grips! One of the most common preventatives are powders or liquids meant to cleanse the bowels of impurities which leave your body tired and open to infection by this dastardly plague. Also for your little ones who do not enjoy the tastes of medicines are Cascarets, delicious candy-like drops that cure children of biliousness and sour stomach. As we all know, purging one's system of impurities is a medical miracle that has been long-held and used to restore the healt h of many from early times in western Europe. However, there are drawbacks to using medicines as a preventative against the Influenza epidemic. Why, just yesterday the Water Commissioner answered complaints from the citizens of St. Louis who complained that "the water tastes like medicine." The water, he explained, is not being treated in any different fashion, but that "an unusually large number of people are taking medicine and its lingering taste might be attributed by some to the water." By October 3, earlier this year influenza had been reported in 43 states. It was at this time that St. Louis's Health Society Head, Dr. Evans, urged any members of the community with ailments as minor as the common cold to cover their mouths upon sneezing, and to please cover their faces with a hankie when in public. The Spanish Influenza in Missouri :: Journalism St. Louis, Missouri Health Essays The Spanish Influenza in Missouri Reports of the Spanish Influenza continue to bombard us from St. Louis, Missouri, as inhabitants of that fine city take many precautions to safeguard themselves and their families against this incendiary malady currently sweeping our great nation. At a time of war when our country needs our strength the most it is important that we fight this Influenza head on, taking whatever actions necessary to eradicate it from our fine shores. Let us take a page from St. Louis's book on how to prevent this illness from spreading. Culling through the pages of this fine publication you may notice many advertisements for products meant to maintain the health of your loved ones. Things to help them look and feel their best. Instructions and products for ridding oneself of dandruff or bleaching one's freckles with lemon juice abound--helping you, dear readers, to be your best! Most importantly [there are] prescriptions for how to keep your family healthy, and to avoid catching the Spanish Influenza that has the very city of St. Louis in its fiery grips! One of the most common preventatives are powders or liquids meant to cleanse the bowels of impurities which leave your body tired and open to infection by this dastardly plague. Also for your little ones who do not enjoy the tastes of medicines are Cascarets, delicious candy-like drops that cure children of biliousness and sour stomach. As we all know, purging one's system of impurities is a medical miracle that has been long-held and used to restore the healt h of many from early times in western Europe. However, there are drawbacks to using medicines as a preventative against the Influenza epidemic. Why, just yesterday the Water Commissioner answered complaints from the citizens of St. Louis who complained that "the water tastes like medicine." The water, he explained, is not being treated in any different fashion, but that "an unusually large number of people are taking medicine and its lingering taste might be attributed by some to the water." By October 3, earlier this year influenza had been reported in 43 states. It was at this time that St. Louis's Health Society Head, Dr. Evans, urged any members of the community with ailments as minor as the common cold to cover their mouths upon sneezing, and to please cover their faces with a hankie when in public.

Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essays -- Homer Odyssey disgody

Disguises in Homer's Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Homer's Odyssey, disguises help convey a false identity that assist the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Each disguise has its own purpose, such as Athene's image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   Her purpose was to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and especially male, helps put more power behind the words spoken by Mentor because men were received with greater influence than women were.   Similar, Odysseus, through his clever use of false storytelling and disguises as "nobody" and a vagabond, is able to safely return to Ithaka and slaughter the reckless suitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man†(Van der Valk 61).   One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential.   â€Å"Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal† (Van der Valk 63).   In Homer's Odysse... ...s you as his bride/ home" (Homer 106, L. 153-160).   He has just ensured Nausikaa's approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear.    Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Legal Basis of Implementation of K to 12 Essay

LEGAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12 1. THE WHY OF OUR BEING HERE TODAY †¦. 2. * THE ENABLED FILIPINO * THE LEGAL BASIS 1987 Constitution – Article XIV, Section 1 – Article XIV, Section 2.1 R.A. 7160 (Local Gov’t Code ) * THE K+12 BASIC EDUCATION REFORM * THE SYNTHESIS 3. The enabled/empowered value-driven, visionary Filipino is the greatest treasure of this nation, a vision shared by every segment of our society, a vision achieved through quality education. 4. Article XIV, Section 1. – The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Article XIV, Section 2 (1). – The State shall establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and the society. 5. WHERE ARE WE AT NOW? Insufficient mastery of basic competencies due to congested curriculum High school graduates (< 18 years) lack basic competencies and maturity 6. Locally, only 6 of every 1,000 Grade 6 elementary students are prepared to enter high school. Only 2 of every 100 4 th year high school graduates are fit for college. 7. Internationally, Filipino youths rank 41st in Science and 42 and in Math among 45 countries. 8. Millions of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) especially the professionals and those who intend to study abroad are at a disadvantage. Our graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad. The Washington Accord and the Bologna Accord prescribe 12 yrs of basic education for university admission. 9. The Philippines is the only remaining country in Asia with a 10-year pre-university program Source: Adapted from SEAMEO-INNOTECH Table 3 Comparative Data on the Pre-University Education in Asia Country Basic Education Cycle Total Brunei 12 Cambodia 12 Indonesia 12 Lao PDR 12 Malaysia 12 Myanmar 11 Philippines 10 Singapore 11 Thailand 12 Timor-Leste 12 Vietnam 12 Mongolia recently added grades to make basic education 12 years. 10. Why Add Two Years? Decongest and enhance the basic education curriculum Better quality education for all 11. â€Å"We need to add two years to our basic education. Those who can afford pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding.† – President Benigno S. Aquino III 12. K+12 is not new. The proposal to expand the basic education dates back to 1925. 13. WHAT IS K+12? K+12 mean Kindergarten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary education. Kindergarten refers to the 5-year old cohort that takes a standardized kinder curriculum. 14. K+12 Education Vision Graduates of Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program will: Acquire mastery of basic competencies. Be more emotionally mature. Be socially aware, pro-active, involved in public and civic affairs. Be adequately prepared for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. Be legally employable with potential for better earnings. Be globally competitive. 15. Studies in the Philippines have shown that an additional year of schooling increases individual earnings by 7.5%. 16. What Will the Society Gain from K+12? K+12 will facilitate an  accelerated economic growth. K+12 will facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries. A better educated society provides a sound foundation for long-term socio-economic development. 17. What Will the LGUs Benefit from K+12? EVERY CHILD A PRIDE OF THE LOCALITY Increase employment locally and globally Increase business enterprises More entrepreneurs and investors Improved family income Improved LGU income 18. Studies validate that improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth by 2% to 2.2%. 19. How Do We Add the Two Years? Proposed Model: K-6-4-2 Model Senior High School Grades 11 to 12 (16-17 years old) Junior High School Grades 7 to 10 (12-15 years old) Elementary School Grades 1 to 6 (6-11 years old) Kindergarten (5 years old) 20. What is Senior High School? 2 years to consolidate academic skills and competencies and allow in-depth specialization for students depending on the occupation/career track they wish to pursue Skills and competencies relevant to the job market 21. Implementation Plan (proposed) 22. Summary Change is two-fold: curriculum enhancement and transition management. K+12 is a less costly alternative to the present system of education. We have 5 years to address shortages before implementation. 23. * 1987 Constitution Art. XIV, Sec. 1 Art. XIV, Sec.2.1 * R.A. 7160 THE ENABLED FILIPINO: VISION & VALUE DRIVEN * Highly competent; Highly skilled; Emotionally mature; Highly productive K+12 ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION (K+ 6 + 4 +2) Local Government Units Other Government Agencies THE ENABLED FILIPINO 24. Therefore, this is the perfect time for the K+12 Enhanced Basic Education Reform. It cannot wait any longer. 25. WE COUNT ON YOU!!! Make K+12 your LEGACY!!! 26. Team 4A Dr. Carmelita T. Dulangon Dr. Caredad Labe Dr. Ma. Milagros Velez Dr. Rosalie Pasaol Mr. Bianito Dagatan 27. THANK YOU!!!

Of Mice and Men Discrimination

Discrimination Essay Discrimination and prejudice references in the book, Of Mice and Men, reflect on the several characters lives. The biggest impacts of discrimination take its rest on Candy, Crooks, Lennie, and Curley’s wife. All of them are discriminated for different reasons. People are treated worse by the ranch simply because they are different. Candy is one of the oldest workers on the ranch and struggles to keep up with the pace of the other workers. The other workers are younger, stronger, and more energetic than Candy. Many of the ranch hands get mad at him and call him, â€Å"Good for nothing. They talk behind his back at what a bad worker he is. Candy only having one hand slows him down ever more so. Candy knows that his days are coming and feels like he can’t keep up. Added onto his discrimination, is his â€Å"best friend† attitude towards his old, smelly dog. He tells the ranch that the dog has been working with him since he was a pup. He was the best dog he ever had. However, the workers say that the dog smells so bad that they have to leave whenever he’s in Bunk House. This eventually leads up to the point until Carlson tells Candy he must take the dog outside where he will end his misery.Candy, after much persuasion, lets Carlson take the dog away where it is shot. Candy falls into a melancholy because his best friend died. He feels closer to death than ever and then halts his work. Candy’s final summation of discrimination leaves him depressed and friendless. Lennie and George are his best buds since his dog was shot, but they don’t compare. Discrimination takes all the life and sweetness away from Candy. Crooks, being the only black man on the ranch gets some of the most discrimination. Being the 1930’s, blacks were still considered to be unequal and not as smart as white people.Many prejudice thoughts were fired right at Crooks. Crooks is the ranch’s stable man. He works, sleeps, and lives in the stables. Crook also is handicap because a horse kicked him in the back leaving him in a permanent hunched position. Crooks is a great example showing his strength with his mind-over-matter defense. Ranch hands ridicule him but he chooses what he lets bother him and simply ignores them. He is a wise old man that likes his space. He lives separate from everyone else on the ranch. The only people he ever let in his room was Lennie and Slim.He felt a deep connection with Lennie, he felt his innocence. This was the only reason he let him in. When Slim came along, he told Lennie that this was the first time he was ever allowed in Crook's room in years. Crooks is isolated from the workers and is not allow at the main building in the ranch, the Bunk House. The only time we saw him hanging out with the workers besides in the stable was on Christmas when he went out drinking whiskey with them. Crooks is a likable character because he deals with discrimination so well. It almost seems as though he’s had so much of it, that he is immune to it now.Discrimination is definitely showed to Crooks but Crooks doesn’t show any back. Lennie is the perfect target of discrimination throughout the entire book. Everywhere he goes, he is harassed and made fun of. This is to blame to his mental retardation. Being from the 1930’s make it even worse because people didn’t know that he needed help rather than insults. Countless characters take their anger out on Lennie. His biggest enemy is Curley. Curley naturally hates big people because he’s jealous. When Lennie arrives on the ranch he instigates with him immediately.The boss also questions why he doesn’t talk. George takes his side all the time, which is why Lennie always looks up to him. George is there for Lennie when other people don’t understand. However, this puts a lot of stress on George and he eventually lets it out at the campfire when Lennie insists on having ketch up with his beans. What Lennie lacks in intelligence, he has a surplus of in muscle and his great amount of work that he gets done. This saves him from being picked on for being dumb and weak. At least he can defend himself; at least when George is there to tell him.In an optimistic way of looking at it, at least Lennie didn’t die from discrimination abuse but rather lack of confidence and stupidity. The final character that was discriminated was Curley’s wife. From the very first time we meet her, she was considered a tart. All the men on the ranch treated her disrespectfully because she was the sole woman on the ranch. All the men ignored her because they thought she was trashy. They occasionally cracked jokes between Curley and her. Although she wasn’t treated well, sometimes she asked for it.She was very flirty with many of the workers even though she was married. It always seemed like Curley was looking for his wife or vice-versa. She showed her loneliness by trying to talk with George and Lennie. George was like the rest of the workers and paid no attention to her. Lennie likes to talk to her but George warns him. Eventually, when Curley’s wife lets Lennie pet her hair, he gets nervous and accidentally kills her. The discrimination lead her to someone she could talk to, Lennie, which in turn, killed her. This novel teaches the reader several things about discrimination.Most of the books events were based off a discriminating act. It seemed like these ranchers were all mad at someone and wanted to get the blame out on the person they thought were different whether it be Lennie or Crooks or whoever. Discrimination takes its toll on people even if you don’t realize it. It can hurt people who might not know what discrimination means. You should never discriminate anyone based on his or her appearance, intelligence or differences because everyone is different. Everyone has his or her own opinions and beliefs.Steinbeck wants people to see that you are just as different as anyone else and you should learn how to live and flourish in that environment than rather put people down and hate. People are treated worse by the ranch simply because they are different. The discrimination in the ranch took a toll on everyone affected by it. If people were more accepting and aware, people’s lives could have been saved. Steinbeck shows the audience how they can learn and change by noticing how people are affected by discrimination even if they don’t show it in front of you. Discrimination only brings problems and life would be better without it.

Sqc – Statistical Quality Control

Statistical quality control (SQC) The application of statistical techniques to measure and evaluate the quality of a product, service, or process. Two basic categories: I. Statistical process control (SPC): – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a process is functioning as desired II. Acceptance Sampling: – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a population of items should be accepted or rejected based on inspection of a sample of those items. Quality Measurement: Attributes vs Variables Attributes:Characteristics that are measured as either â€Å"acceptable† or â€Å"not acceptable†, thus have only discrete, binary, or integer values. Variables: Characteristics that are measured on a continuous scale. Statistical Process Control (SPC) Methods Statistical process control (SPC) monitors specified quality characteristics of a product or service so as: To detect whether the process has changed in a way that w ill affect product quality and To measure the current quality of products or services. Control is maintained through the use of control charts. The charts have upper and lower ontrol limits and the process is in control if sample measurements are between the limits. Control Charts for Attributes P Charts – measures proportion defective. C Charts – measures the number of defects/unit. Control Charts for Variables X bar and R charts are used together – control a process by ensuring that the sample average and range remain within limits for both. Basic Procedure 1. An upper control limit (UCL) and a lower control limit (LCL) are set for the process. 2. A random sample of the product or service is taken, and the specified quality characteristic is measured. . If the average of the sample of the quality characteristic is higher than the upper control limit or lower than the lower control limit, the process is considered to be â€Å"out of control†. CONTROL CHA RTS FOR ATTRIBUTES p-Charts for Proportion Defective p-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the sample proportion defective (p) over time Procedure: 1. take a random sample and inspect each item 2. determine the sample proportion defective by dividing the number of defective items by the sample size 3. lot the sample proportion defective on the control chart and compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying statistical sampling distribution is the binomial distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = u = np (Note – add the bars above the means used in all the equations in this section) standard deviation of p: sigmap = square root of (p(1 -p ) / n) where p = historical population proportion defective and n = sample size Control Limits: UCL = u + z sigmap LCL = u – z sigma p is the number of standard deviations from the mean. It is set based how certain you wish to be that when a l imit is exceeded it is due to a change in the process proportion defective rather than due to sample variability. For example: If z = 1 if p has not changed you will still exceed the limits in 32% of the samples (68% confident that mean has changed if the limits are exceeded. z = 2 – limits will be exceeded in 4. 5 (95. 5 % confidence that mean has changed) z = 3 – limits will be exceeded in . 03 (99. % confidence) c-Charts for Number of Defects Per Unit c-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the number of defects per unit. Procedure: 1. randomly select one item and count the number of defects in that item 2. plot the number of defects on a control chart 3. compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying sampling distribution is the Poisson distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = c standard deviation = square root of c here c is the historical average number of defects/unit Con trol Limits: UCL = c + z c LCL = c – z c Control Charts for Variables Two charts are used together: R-chart (â€Å"range chart†) and X barchart (â€Å"average chart†) Both the process variability (measured by the R-chart) and the process average (measured by the X bar chart) must be in control before the process can be said to be in control. Process variability must be in control before the X bar chart can be developed because a measure of process variability is required to determine the -chart control limits.R-Chart for Process Variability: UCLR = D4(R) LCLR = D3(R) where is the average of past R values, and D3 and D4 are constants based on the sample size -Chart for Process Average: UCLR = X bar + A2(R) LCL = X bar – A2(R) where X bar is the average of several past values, and A2 is a constant based on the sample size Other Types of Attribute-Sampling Plans Double-Sampling Plan: Specifies two sample sizes (n1 and n2) and two acceptance levels (c1 and c2 ) 1. f the first sample passes (actual defects c1), the lot is accepted 2. if the first sample fails and actual defects > c2, the lot is rejected 3. if first sample fails but c1 < actual defects c2, the second sample is taken and judged on the combined number of defectives found. Sequential-Sampling Plan: Each time an item is inspected, a decision is made whether to accept the lot, reject it, or continue sampling. Acceptance Sampling Goal: To accept or reject a batch of items.Frequently used to test incoming materials from suppliers or other parts of the organization prior to entry into the production process. Used to determine whether to accept or reject a batch of products. Measures number of defects in a sample. Based on the number of defects in the sample the batch is either accepted or rejected. An acceptance level c is specified. If the number of defects in the sample is c the atch is accepted, otherwise it is rejected and subjected to 100% inspection. Sqc – Statistical Quality Control Statistical quality control (SQC) The application of statistical techniques to measure and evaluate the quality of a product, service, or process. Two basic categories: I. Statistical process control (SPC): – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a process is functioning as desired II. Acceptance Sampling: – the application of statistical techniques to determine whether a population of items should be accepted or rejected based on inspection of a sample of those items. Quality Measurement: Attributes vs Variables Attributes:Characteristics that are measured as either â€Å"acceptable† or â€Å"not acceptable†, thus have only discrete, binary, or integer values. Variables: Characteristics that are measured on a continuous scale. Statistical Process Control (SPC) Methods Statistical process control (SPC) monitors specified quality characteristics of a product or service so as: To detect whether the process has changed in a way that w ill affect product quality and To measure the current quality of products or services. Control is maintained through the use of control charts. The charts have upper and lower ontrol limits and the process is in control if sample measurements are between the limits. Control Charts for Attributes P Charts – measures proportion defective. C Charts – measures the number of defects/unit. Control Charts for Variables X bar and R charts are used together – control a process by ensuring that the sample average and range remain within limits for both. Basic Procedure 1. An upper control limit (UCL) and a lower control limit (LCL) are set for the process. 2. A random sample of the product or service is taken, and the specified quality characteristic is measured. . If the average of the sample of the quality characteristic is higher than the upper control limit or lower than the lower control limit, the process is considered to be â€Å"out of control†. CONTROL CHA RTS FOR ATTRIBUTES p-Charts for Proportion Defective p-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the sample proportion defective (p) over time Procedure: 1. take a random sample and inspect each item 2. determine the sample proportion defective by dividing the number of defective items by the sample size 3. lot the sample proportion defective on the control chart and compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying statistical sampling distribution is the binomial distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = u = np (Note – add the bars above the means used in all the equations in this section) standard deviation of p: sigmap = square root of (p(1 -p ) / n) where p = historical population proportion defective and n = sample size Control Limits: UCL = u + z sigmap LCL = u – z sigma p is the number of standard deviations from the mean. It is set based how certain you wish to be that when a l imit is exceeded it is due to a change in the process proportion defective rather than due to sample variability. For example: If z = 1 if p has not changed you will still exceed the limits in 32% of the samples (68% confident that mean has changed if the limits are exceeded. z = 2 – limits will be exceeded in 4. 5 (95. 5 % confidence that mean has changed) z = 3 – limits will be exceeded in . 03 (99. % confidence) c-Charts for Number of Defects Per Unit c-chart: a statistical control chart that plots movement in the number of defects per unit. Procedure: 1. randomly select one item and count the number of defects in that item 2. plot the number of defects on a control chart 3. compare with UCL and LCL to determine if process is out of control The underlying sampling distribution is the Poisson distribution, but can be approximated by the normal distribution with: mean = c standard deviation = square root of c here c is the historical average number of defects/unit Con trol Limits: UCL = c + z c LCL = c – z c Control Charts for Variables Two charts are used together: R-chart (â€Å"range chart†) and X barchart (â€Å"average chart†) Both the process variability (measured by the R-chart) and the process average (measured by the X bar chart) must be in control before the process can be said to be in control. Process variability must be in control before the X bar chart can be developed because a measure of process variability is required to determine the -chart control limits.R-Chart for Process Variability: UCLR = D4(R) LCLR = D3(R) where is the average of past R values, and D3 and D4 are constants based on the sample size -Chart for Process Average: UCLR = X bar + A2(R) LCL = X bar – A2(R) where X bar is the average of several past values, and A2 is a constant based on the sample size Other Types of Attribute-Sampling Plans Double-Sampling Plan: Specifies two sample sizes (n1 and n2) and two acceptance levels (c1 and c2 ) 1. f the first sample passes (actual defects c1), the lot is accepted 2. if the first sample fails and actual defects > c2, the lot is rejected 3. if first sample fails but c1 < actual defects c2, the second sample is taken and judged on the combined number of defectives found. Sequential-Sampling Plan: Each time an item is inspected, a decision is made whether to accept the lot, reject it, or continue sampling. Acceptance Sampling Goal: To accept or reject a batch of items.Frequently used to test incoming materials from suppliers or other parts of the organization prior to entry into the production process. Used to determine whether to accept or reject a batch of products. Measures number of defects in a sample. Based on the number of defects in the sample the batch is either accepted or rejected. An acceptance level c is specified. If the number of defects in the sample is c the atch is accepted, otherwise it is rejected and subjected to 100% inspection.

Environmental Issues in Pakistan

What is Environmental Ethics? Environmental ethics is a branch of environmental philosophy that studies the ethical relationship between human beings and environment. It has given a new dimension to the conservation of natural resources. What are major Ethical Environmental Issues? The issues which cause dangers to environment with a moral perspective in them are known as ethical environmental issues. Environment has a direct or indirect effect on the way we live and ethical environmental issues arise when we ignore this fact.Hence we ought to protect our environment and solve the ethical environmental issues our earth is facing now-a-days. There are many ethical environmental issues some of them are stated below: 1. Green-house Effect. 2. Ozone Depletion. 3. Air Pollution. 4. Acid Rain. 5. Urban Run-off. 6. Land Pollution. 7. Deforestation. 8. Nuclear Development. 1. Greenhouse Effect Any gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiations in the thermal infrared range is called a greenhouse gas.The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. This process repeats over and over again, trapping the radiations in the atmosphere. This is one of the major causes of global warming. Consequences: Global warming is causing the Earth to lose its snow cover; glaciers are melting, the sea-level is rising, and a lot of arctic floral and faunal species are on the verge of extinction. 2. Ozone Depletion The ozone enveloping around the Earth is depleting in volume consistently since 1980s.This is largely due to the effect of halocarbon refrigerants (such as CFC, halons, freons, etc. ). Halocarbons (being lighter than other gases in the atmosphere) rise much higher in the atmosphere. They then photodissociate to give atomic halogens. These atoms catalyze the destruction of the ozone gas. Consequences: Depletion of the ozone can practically threaten hum an life, and life of other animals as well. The ozone layer protects us from UV rays of the sun; without the ozone layer, everyone would be susceptible to a number of skin diseases, including skin cancer. . Air Pollution Air pollution is probably one of the most dangerous effect on the environment since we cannot control the air we breathe. Vehicular traffic, smog created by the smoke emitted by vehicles and factories, volatile organic compounds, present primarily in paints and varnishes and refrigerants, all contribute to air pollution. Consequences: Air pollution affects everything; it affects plants, animals and humans. According to WHO, poor indoor air quality can lead to respiratory infections, coronary diseases, and even lung cancer.If all this is happening indoors, imagine what is happening outside. 4. Acid Rain Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide can react with water to produce corresponding acids. When this happens in the atmosphere, we get rain that is of acidic. The gases mentioned above are released into the atmosphere by certain natural processes like lightning, volcanoes, etc. However, the amount of these gases released due to factories, vehicles and different industries surpasses that produced naturally. It goes beyond a level that can be tolerated by nature.Consequences: Acid rains cause stone, rocks, steel, metal to erode and paint to peel off. This means monuments, statues, bridges, buildings, all are at a risk. It also damages the skin. 5. Urban Run-off Urban run-off refers to the rainwater running off land and into water bodies. This is a natural process. However, with ever-increasing urbanization, this process affects water bodies adversely, because the run-off now carries all sorts of compounds, chemicals and particulate matter. Materials that cannot be gotten rid of are being added to wastewater and, ultimately, to water.Consequences: Urban run-off causes deposition of oil, gasoline, garbage, heavy metals (nickel, copper, lead, zinc etc. ), fertilizers and pesticides (from gardens and lawns), synthetic organic compounds, etc. ; all of which ultimately enters the food chain and causes number of health complications. It also causes destruction of Marine population. 6. Land pollution Land pollution is where our land may be as far as being contaminated. All of the bad toxic chemicals and waste, that is left or dumped on our land, causes it to become polluted.It includes trash from homes, commercial establishments, and industrial facilities, food wastes, paper, glass, textiles, and plastic objects. The toxic materials that pollute the soil can get into the human body directly by coming into contact with the skin, being washed into water sources like reservoirs and rivers, eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted soil, breathing in polluted dust or particles. Consequences: It causes problems in the respiratory system and on the skin. It also leads to birth defects and also caus es various kinds of cancers. . Deforestation Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Wood is a necessity and the humans need to use it. But the improper planning about forestation and new planting of trees, we are facing a severe crisis of the lack of trees. Trees are very important as they make oxygen and serve many other important purposes too. But we may face a serious shortage of trees in the years to come due to the way forests are continued to disappear (at the rate of 14 million hectares per year).Consequences: Deforestation results in less biodiversity, soil erosion, animals lose their habitat, more Global Warming because there would be less trees to collect carbon dioxide etc. 8. Nuclear Development Nuclear development is, however, beneficial but it has very much harmful aspects as well. The nuclear rods that we use in producing energy are very radioactive. They have a very long decaying period a nd hence cause threats to our environment. Consequences: It has positive consequences in the form of meeting the energy crises.On the other hand, the most alarming aspect of nuclear development are the prospective nuclear accidents that can take place. It can cause different types of cancers, many disabilities by birth, problems in the process of photosynthesis etc. Solutions to Major Ethical Environmental Issues The problems that we are facing are very serious and need to be solved at the earliest possible time. Some of the solutions that we can could come up with, keeping in view indigenous resources, behaviour of people, environmental legislation etc.So here are some of the solutions to the above mentioned problems. 1. Arranging Seminars for Awareness Arranging seminars can be very beneficial for communication with people and educating them about the various ethical environmental issues that we are facing. Such type of seminars should be held in educational institutions and indus tries to educate students, workers and other people about the graveness of these issues so that they may be understood and solved. 2. Three REs (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse)We should try to reduce the use of substances like plastic that causes environmental pollution and are recycleable. Consumption of natural resources should be made limited to as less as possible. Reducing deforestation and trying to use the recycled and other materials. 3. Abstaining from Clourofloro carbons A Harmfulness of clourofluoro carbons should be understood by the society as its increasing amount is a threat to ozone layer. People should be educated at lower scale so they may realize the importance of ozone layer.Chlorofluoro carbons are presents in some kinds of refrigeration processes, solvents, foams, aerosols etc. 4. Reducing Pollution Modernization of our societies has widely increased different types of pollution. With the increasing number of automobiles and industries, pollution has been widely inc reased. Smoke of automobiles causes air pollution. Wastes of industries are discharged into the rivers polluting the water and the land it passes by. A regular checking should be done on particularly industries to see whether they are safely discharging the wastes or not.Also, we should use the substances that causes less pollution and discharge our waste substances properly at the proper place. 5. Role of Media In the modern era, media has a very strong role in educating people and moulding their thinking into a specific direction. Highly qualified professionals should use the facility of media to bring awareness to the people about ethical environmental issues through documentaries, talk-shows and other programs. Children can be get attracted through cartoons and other children programs. References ? http://www. tutorvista. om/english/global-warming-causes ? http://socyberty. com/issues/greenhouse-gases-everyonesproblem/ ? http://maria79. tumblr. com/ ? http://www. atsdr. cdc. gov /general/theair. html ? http://www. cheatdiary. com/collegeessay/harmful-effects-of-ozonelayer-depletion/ ? http://www. udel. edu/chem/C465/senior/fall97/acid_rain/senior. html ? http://www. geography. learnontheinternet. co. uk/topics/taiga. html ? http://www. ec. gc. ca/inre-nwri/default. asp? lang=En&n=235D11EB1&offset=12&toc=hide ? http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_consequences_of_land_ pollution

Good and Bad Discrimination Essay

When the word discrimination is brought up there is an automatic negative response, due to the fact that most have this idea that there is only bad discrimination. This comes from people using stereotypes and being prejudice which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they are trying to be harmful. Discrimination is when one distinctively favors or is against certain groups, categories, people, and classes and or things that may come from them. Discrimination it’s self is not bad, but the things that can stem from it, are actually what makes people look at it negatively. People discriminate for many reasons such as religion, race, and even for business and employment. It is one thing to have a preference over something else but to actually deny a person over what race, or religion they are is perverse. Now there are some positives when decisions are made about things depending on an individual’s race or religion. There are people who only want to date or marry to the same race, religion, culture, category, class, and things like that. And that does not always mean that they are being racist, stereotypical, prejudice or anything of that nature but that they simple are particular. There are even laws that require for workplaces to accommodate for their employees religion just along their religious practices will not bring problems to the employer. However, in the eyes of the employer they may feel as though if they indeed hire someone with certain beliefs that conflict may arise even if they are unintentional, and a decision maybe made to avoid that. Which is a decent argument but it still is a form of discrimination. One of the biggest reasons people discriminate is that they are actually afraid of what they may or may not understand. â€Å"The fear of that which is different, that which we do not understand, could have been an adaptive strategy early on in our history† (Why Does Discrimination Occur?. Ehow. com ). Instead of learning how to live with something and become more educated about it they cast it out. Especially if it is something that it out of the norm, or different. Such as homosexuality, a lot of people are homophobic. They have an unreasonable fear of homosexuals and which they may have their reasons as to why. Some people take it past the limits to make people are attracted to the same sex feel different, unaccepted, or unwanted all because they are ignorant of that culture. They have no idea what it is like and instead of trying to comprehend, they use negativity. Now there is nothing wrong with not being gay, and disagreeing with it but an opinion does not have to be expressed in a way that may be harmful. Just because a person is not apart of a certain group does not excuse the act of disrespecting another group or category. A lot of individuals will argue that it is simply wrong, and that it should not be permitted due to religious reasoning. Yes, that does make a lot of since, but I am very sure that many people do things that go against their religion all the time, they just happen to be discrete. Some people are afraid or have been brought up to not over step the boundaries so when others do not abide by the same rules they are automatically looked down upon. Society assigns everyone a certain social identity. Which ever category a person is placed they tend to accept others who are from the same group as they are. Prejudice is derived from our tendency to divide world into ‘us’ and ‘them†( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). This causes great division between people which is one of the reasons why a lot of people categorize other individuals. Being that prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype are in society there are social aspects and effects. â€Å"Exposure to derogatory ethnic labels can elicit conformity pressures with people wanting to fit-in† ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). Generally people fear to be outcast so they go with the crowd. Afraid that if they choose not to agree then they might become socially unexpected. â€Å"People can reduce their reliance on stereotypes by consciously saying ‘no’ to association between stereotypes and specific social groups† ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). It would make a lot of since for people to simply not discriminate sadly that simply will not happen. Either way it may go it is up to the person on what they will choose to do, but social impact has a lot to do with the decisions people make. â€Å"Social influence plays a role in both maintenance and reduction discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes. Evidence suggesting that members of their group hold less prejudiced views are out of line with most people of their group, they may change their views. † ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). â€Å"It may be conceived that because someone is guilty of discrimination that she is mean, angry and hateful, which very well may be the case. However, when we understand that within us all lies some form of discrimination, whether passive or aggressive, it should once again lead us to the conclusion that, of course, it is very easy to discriminate. (Why Is It So Easy To Discriminate? , eHow. com). Every person has their preferences, how they choose to go about them is completely their discretion. There are those who are prejudice, stereotypical, and who discriminate negatively acknowledge it and own up to it. â€Å"Each and every one of us stereotype and have a prejudice of something. Every single one of us. I stereotype fat people. I make fun of them, I call them lazy. Is it right? No. Should people suffering from obesity be kept from living their lives because of my prejudice and stereotypes of them? Absolutely not. † (Kriss 2010). Those who do discriminate have a point of view and some respectively explain them. Kriss discriminates against fat people, does she have that right? Yes, she knows that she should not do it, but she still stands by her opinion no matter what anyone else thinks. Everyone discriminates to a center extent because everyone has their own opinions, and make their own decision with different dependents. Yet and still there things that are wrong which happen to be connected to discriminating and even misconceptions. The way a person behaves is by far their own choice. People are raised differently, have different life experiences, and choose to surround themselves with certain crowds that may differ from others. There are exceptions and there are non exceptions, but being close minded will bring nothing but ignorance. There will always be discrimination because everyone will always have a preference. and there is really nothing that can be done about it. Also prejudice and stereotypes that comes with life. Everything has a positive and a negative.